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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 57 (1935), S. 2322-2326 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 59 (1937), S. 236-241 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 26 (1934), S. 1115-1118 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4763-4770 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cathode spots on arc-cleaned copper and molybdenum electrodes in vacuum were studied by fast image converter framing and streak camera photography with high temporal and spatial resolution. The frame exposure time was 20 ns and the interframe period was 200 ns; the streak sweep time was between 200 ns and 1 μs. Spatial structures with a resolution of 5 μm could be determined by observing the spot movement with a small slit at the streak camera and a high sweep speed. Strong fluctuations of the light emission of the spot were found with characteristic times of 50–100 ns. When the spot moved out of the slit field of view a stepwise decrease occurred in the measured light, indicating an internal substructure of the spot with distances between fragments less than 10 μm and even smaller fragment diameters. The current per fragment was estimated to be 20–40 A. The frames confirm the short time constants of the spot. From frame to frame a spot motion was observed in most cases, yielding spot residence times 〈200 ns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 2417-2429 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of organized structures resulting from the evolution of two parallel opposite vortex sheets in a two-dimensional perfect fluid is studied, employing an equilibrium statistical theory. The system is confined in a channel in which periodic solutions of the statistical equilibrium equations are considered. It is found that the statistical equilibrium state of maximum entropy is a staggered arrangement of alternating vortex patches—the turbulent counterpart to the von-Kármán vortex street. However, these vortices spread over the whole width of the channel and the pattern with the maximum allowed wavelength is always preferred: the confinement by the boundary conditions is essential. The theoretical predictions are supported by direct numerical simulations of the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation at high Reynolds number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 2108-2110 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a systematic investigation of equilibrium states predicted by the statistical theory of vortex patches in a square box, in a channel, and in a square with doubly periodic boundary conditions. The study is limited to initial conditions containing negative and positive vortex patches with equal strength and area. It is demonstrated that the symmetry between positive and negative vorticity is, in general, broken by the self-organized states. Direct numerical simulations support the predictions of the vortex patch statistics, but agree with point vortex statistics only in the limiting case of small area vortex patches. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 174 (1961), S. 1-5 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der Elektrolyse in MellithsÄure bilden sich auf den Aluminiumanoden Deckschichten aus mikrokristallinemγ-Al2O3, die sich durch engere Poren und dickere ZellwÄnde von den herkömmlichen Eloxalschichten unterscheiden. Bis auf 1000
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; Düsseldorf
    In:  GMS German Medical Science; VOL: 21; DOC01 /20230303/
    Publication Date: 2023-03-27
    Description: For the purposes of this guideline, a diving accident is defined as an event that is either potentially life-threatening or hazardous to health as a result of a reduction in ambient pressure while diving or in other hyperbaric atmospheres with and without diving equipment. This national consensus-based guideline (development grade S2k) presents the current state of knowledge and recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of diving accident victims. The treatment of a breath-hold diver as well as children and adolescents does not differ in principle.In this regard only unusual tiredness and itching without visible skin changes are mild symptoms.The key action statements: on-site 100% oxygen first aid treatment, immobilization/no unnecessary movement, fluid administration and telephone consultation with a diving medicine specialist are recommended.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) remains unchanged as the established treatment in severe cases, as there are no therapeutic alternatives. The basic treatment scheme recommended for diving accidents is hyperbaric oxygenation at 280 kPa.
    Description: Ein Tauchunfall im Sinne dieser Leitlinie ist ein potenziell lebensbedrohliches oder gesundheitsschädigendes Ereignis, hervorgerufen durch Abfall des Umgebungsdruckes beim Tauchen oder aus sonstiger hyperbarer Atmosphäre mit und ohne Tauchgerät. Diese nationale S2k-Leitlinie legt den aktuellen Stand der Erkenntnisse und der konsentierten Empfehlungen in der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Patienten nach Tauchunfällen dar. Die Behandlung von Apnoetauchern sowie Kindern und Jugendlichen unterscheidet sich prinzipiell nicht.Milde Symptome sind nur die auffällige Müdigkeit und ein Hautjucken ohne sichtbare Hautveränderungen.Wesentliche Bedeutung bei der Versorgung von Tauchunfällen hat die frühzeitige Atmung von 100%igem Sauerstoff. Weiterhin werden die Ruhiglagerung/keine unnötige Bewegung, eine moderate Flüssigkeitsgabe und eine Taucherärztliche Telefonberatung empfohlen.Die hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie (HBOT) ist bei schweren Dekompressionsunfällen unverändert ohne therapeutische Alternative. Als Behandlungsschema wird grundsätzlich eine HBOT bei 280 kPa empfohlen.
    Subject(s): diving accident ; decompression sickness ; decompression illness ; arterial gas embolism ; oxygen ; hyperbaric oxygen therapy ; Tauchunfall ; Dekompressionserkrankung ; arterielle Gasembolie ; Sauerstoff ; hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie ; ddc: 610
    Language: English
    Type: article
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    German Medical Science GMS Publishing House; Düsseldorf
    In:  GMS German Medical Science; VOL: 19; DOC13 /20211104/
    Publication Date: 2021-11-05
    Description: Carbon monoxide (CO) can occur in numerous situations and ambient conditions, such as fire smoke, indoor fireplaces, silos containing large quantities of wood pellets, engine exhaust fumes, and when using hookahs.Symptoms of CO poisoning are nonspecific and can range from dizziness, headache, and angina pectoris to unconsciousness and death.This guideline presents the current state of knowledge and national recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CO poisoning.The diagnosis of CO poisoning is based on clinical symptoms and proven or probable exposure to CO. Negative carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels should not rule out CO poisoning if the history and symptoms are consistent with this phenomenon. Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, impairment of the cellular respiratory chain, and immunomodulatory processes may result in myocardial and central nervous tissue damage even after a reduction in COHb.If CO poisoning is suspected, 100% oxygen breathing should be immediately initiated in the prehospital setting.Clinical symptoms do not correlate with COHb elimination from the blood; therefore, COHb monitoring alone is unsuitable for treatment management. Especially in the absence of improvement despite treatment, a reevaluation for other possible differential diagnoses ought to be performed.Evidence regarding the benefit of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is scant and the subject of controversy due to the heterogeneity of studies.If required, HBOT should be initiated within 6 h.All patients with CO poisoning should be informed about the risk of delayed neurological sequelae (DNS).
    Description: Kohlenmonoxid (CO) kann in zahlreichen Situationen und Umgebungen auftreten, beispielsweise Brandrauch, Feuerstellen in geschlossenen Räumen, Silos mit großen Mengen an Holzpellets; Motoren-Abgase und der Gebrauch von Wasserpfeifen.Die Symptome einer Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung sind unspezifisch und können Schwindel, Kopfschmerz, Angina pectoris bis zu Bewusstlosigkeit und Tod umfassen.Diese Leitlinie legt den aktuellen Stand der Erkenntnisse und der nationalen Empfehlungen in der Diagnostik und Behandlung von Patienten mit Kohlenmonoxidvergiftungen dar.Die Diagnose einer Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung erfordert klinische Symptome und eine nachgewiesene oder wahrscheinliche Exposition mit Kohlenmonoxid. Ein negativer CO-Hämoglobin (Hb)-Nachweis soll nicht zum Ausschluss einer Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung führen, wenn Anamnese und Symptome übereinstimmend sind. Durch eine reduzierte Sauerstofftransportkapazität, die Beeinträchtigung der zellulären Atmungskette und immunmodulatorische Prozesse kann es auch nach Reduktion des CO-Hb zu myokardialen und zentralnervösen Gewebeschäden kommen.Bei Verdacht auf eine Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung soll präklinisch sofort mit einer 100% Sauerstoffatmung begonnen werden.Die klinische Symptomatik der Patienten korreliert nicht mit der CO-Hb Clearance aus dem Blut. CO-Hb-Kontrollen allein sind für eine Therapiesteuerung ungeeignet. Insbesondere bei fehlender Besserung unter Therapie sollte eine Reevaluation für andere möglicherweise vorliegende Differentialdiagnosen erfolgen.Die Evidenz zum Nutzen der hyperbaren Sauerstofftherapie (HBOT) ist aufgrund der heterogenen Studienlage niedrig und wird kontrovers diskutiert.Der Beginn einer HBOT soll gegebenenfalls innerhalb von 6 Stunden erfolgen.Jeder Patient mit Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung soll über das Risiko eines verzögert einsetzenden neurologischen Defizites (delayed neurological sequelae, DNS), aufgeklärt werden.
    Subject(s): carbon monoxide poisoning ; etiology ; prevention ; prehospital management ; oxygen breathing ; initial in-hospital care ; hyperbaric oxygen therapy ; HBOT ; CO hemoglobin ; delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) ; rehabilitation ; Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung ; Ätiologie ; Prävention ; Primärversorgung ; Sauerstoffatmung ; klinische Erstversorgung ; Hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie ; HBOT ; CO-Hämoglobin ; neurologische Spätschäden (delayed neurological sequelae, DNS) ; Rehabilitation ; ddc: 610
    Language: English
    Type: article
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