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• 1
Publication Date: 2018-03-31
Description: Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyse hospital charges for patients with haemorrhagic stroke in China and investigate potential factors associated with inpatient charges. Methods The study participants were in-hospital patients with a primary diagnosis of haemorrhagic stroke from all the secondary and tertiary hospitals in Beijing during the period from 1 March 2012 to 28 February 2015. Distribution characteristics of detailed hospital charges were analysed. The influence of potential factors on hospital charges was researched using a stepwise multiple regression model. Results A total of 34 890 patients with haemorrhagic stroke of mean age 61.19±14.37 years were included in the study, of which 37.2% were female. Median length of hospital stay (LOHS) was 15 days (IQR 9–23) and median hospital cost was 18 577 Chinese yuan (CNY) (IQR 10 442–39 784). The hospital costs for patients in Western medicine hospitals (median 19 651 CNY) were significantly higher (P〈0.01) than those in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals (median 14 560 CNY), and were significantly higher (P〈0.01) for Level 3 hospitals (median 20 029 CNY) than for Level 2 hospitals (median 16 095 CNY). The proportion of medicine fees and bed fees within total hospital charges showed a decreasing trend during the study period. With stepwise multiple regression, the major factors associated with hospital charges were LOHS, surgery, pulmonary infection, ventilator usage, hospital level, occupation, hyperlipidaemia, hospital type, in-hospital death, sex and age. Conclusion We conclude that medicines form the largest part of hospital charges but are showing a decreasing trend, and LOHS is strongly associated with patient charges for haemorrhagic stroke in China. This implies that the cost structure is very unreasonable in China and medical technology costs fail to be fully manifested. A reasonable decrease in medicine charges and shortening LOHS may be effective ways to reduce hospital charges.
Keywords: Open access, Health economics
Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
Topics: Medicine
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• 2
Unknown
BMJ Publishing
In: BMJ Open
Publication Date: 2018-02-23
Description: Objectives Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy is an effective but expensive therapy for acute ischaemic stroke with proximal anterior circulation occlusion. This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy in China, which is the largest developing country. Design A combination of decision tree and Markov model was developed. Outcome and cost data were derived from the published literature and claims database. The efficacy data were derived from the meta-analyses of nine trials. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed in order to assess the uncertainty of the results. Setting Hospitals in China. Participants The patients with acute ischaemic stroke caused by proximal anterior circulation occlusion within 6 hours. Interventions Mechanical thrombectomy within 6 hours with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment within 4.5 hours versus intravenous tPA treatment alone. Outcome measures The benefit conferred by the treatment was assessed by estimating the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained in the long term (30 years). Results The addition of mechanical thrombectomy to intravenous tPA treatment compared with standard treatment alone yielded a lifetime gain of 0.794 QALYs at an additional cost of CNY 50 000 (US$7700), resulting in a cost of CNY 63 010 (US$9690) per QALY gained. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that mechanical thrombectomy was cost-effective in 99.9% of the simulation runs at a willingness-to-pay threshold of CNY 125 700 (US$19 300) per QALY. Conclusions Mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke caused by proximal anterior circulation occlusion within 6 hours was cost-effective in China. The data may be used as a reference with regard to medical resources allocation for stroke treatment in low-income and middle-income countries as well as in the remote areas in the developed countries. Keywords: Open access, Health economics Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055 Topics: Medicine Published by BMJ Publishing Signatur Availability Others were also interested in ... • 3 Unknown The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET) Publication Date: 2018-06-27 Description: SUMOylation, one of post-translational modifications, is covalently modified on lysine residues of a target protein through an enzymatic cascade reaction similar to protein ubiquitination. Along with identification of many SUMOylated proteins, protein SUMOylation has been proven to regulate multiple biologic activities including transcription, cell cycle, DNA repair, and innate immunity. The dysregulation of protein SUMOylation and deSUMOylation modification is linked with carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The SUMOylation-associated enzymes are usually elevated in various cancers, which function as cancer biomarkers to relate to poor outcomes for patients. Considering the significance of protein SUMOylation in regulating diverse biologic functions in cancer progression, numerous small-molecule inhibitors targeting protein SUMOylation pathway are developed as potentially clinical anticancer therapeutics. Here, we systematically summarize the latest progresses of associations of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) enzymes with cancers and small-molecular inhibitors against human cancers by targeting SUMOylation enzymes. We also compared the pros and cons of several special anticancer inhibitors targeting SUMO pathway. As more efforts are invested in this field, small-molecule inhibitors targeting the SUMOylation modification pathway are promising for development into novel anticancer drugs. Print ISSN: 0026-895X Electronic ISSN: 1521-0111 Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine Signatur Availability Others were also interested in ... • 4 Unknown The American Association of Immunologists (AAI) Publication Date: 2018-09-18 Description: Cancer-initiating/sustaining stem cell subsets (CSCs) have the potential to regenerate cancer cell populations and are resistant to routine therapeutic strategies, thus attracting much attention in anticancer research. In this study, an innovative framework of endogenous microenvironment-renewal for addressing such a dilemma has been just developed. CSCs in three-dimensional multipotent spheroid-engineered biologics were prepared with 150 Gy radiation and inoculated into 15-mo-old BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice bearing diverse advanced tumors covering Mammary 4T1, liver Hepa, lung LL/2, and colon C26 tumors and distant metastases. Subsequently, the systematic microenvironment of tumor-bearing hosts was rapidly remodeled to resettle thymic cortex and medulla rudiment as an endogenous foxn1-thymosin reprogramming TCR-repertoire for resetting MHC-unrestricted multifunction renewal. Postrenewal V4T-subsets would bind and lead migrating CSCs into apoptosis. Moreover, TCR repertoire multifunction renewal could reverse tumor metastases from tumoricidal resistance into eventual regression as a blockade of cancer-sustaining Bmi-1/Nanog-Oct4-Sox2 renewal loop with sequent multivalent depletion of both migrating/in situ CSCs and non–stem terminal cancer cell subsets. This study represents a promising start to set up a generalizable strategy of three-dimensional biologics evoking an endogenous integral microenvironment into pluripotent renewal versus advanced cancer. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606 Topics: Medicine Signatur Availability Others were also interested in ... • 5 Unknown The American Association of Immunologists (AAI) Publication Date: 2018-10-10 Description: Infection by invasive fungi, such as Candida albicans , Aspergillus fumigatus , and Cryptococcus neoformans , is one of the leading death causes for the increasing population of immunocompromised and immunodeficient patients. Several C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), including Dectin-1, -2, and -3 and Mincle can recognize fungal surface components and initiate the host antifungal immune responses. Nevertheless, it remains to be determined whether other CLRs are involved in antifungal immunity. Our recent study suggests that CD23 (CLEC4J), a CLR and also a well-known B cell surface marker, may function to sense C. albicans components in antifungal immunity. However, it is not clear how CD23 functions as a fungal pattern recognition receptor and whether the antifungal role of CD23 is specific to C. albicans or not. In this study, we show that CD23 can recognize both α-mannan and β-glucan from the cell wall of C. albicans or A. fumigatus but cannot recognize glucuronoxylomannan from Cryptococcus . Through forming a complex with FcR, CD23 can induce NF-B activation. Consistently, CD23-deficient mice were highly susceptible to C. albicans and A. fumigatus but not to C. neoformans infection. The expression of CD23 in activated macrophages is critical for the activation of NF-B. CD23 deficiency results in impaired expression of NF-B–dependent genes, especially iNOS , which induces NO production to suppress fungal infection. Together, our studies reveal the CD23-induced signaling pathways and their roles in antifungal immunity, specifically for C. albicans and A. fumigatus , which provides the molecular basis for designing potential therapeutic agents against fungal infection. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606 Topics: Medicine Signatur Availability Others were also interested in ... • 6 Unknown The American Association of Immunologists (AAI) Publication Date: 2018-02-10 Description: The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is involved in IgG metabolism and transport in placental mammals. However, whether FcRn is responsible for IgG transfer from maternal serum to colostrum/milk is controversial. Interestingly, large domestic animals, such as cows, pigs, sheep, and horses, in which passive IgG transfer is exclusively completed via colostrum/milk, all express an FcRn α-chain that is shorter in the cytoplasmic tail (CYT) than its counterparts in humans and rodents. To address whether the length variation has any functional significance, we performed in vitro experiments using the Transwell system with the MDCK cell line stably transfected with various FcRn constructs; these clearly suggested that truncation of the CYT tail caused a polar change in IgG transfer. However, we observed no evidence supporting functional changes in IgG in vivo using mice in which the FcRn CYT was precisely truncated. These data suggest that the length variation in FcRn is not functionally associated with passive IgG transfer routes in mammals. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Electronic ISSN: 1550-6606 Topics: Medicine Signatur Availability Others were also interested in ... • 7 Unknown Institute of Physics (IOP) Publication Date: 2018-01-12 Description: In a step towards routinely achieving 10 nm spatial resolution with magnetic force microscopy, we have developed a robust method for active tip–sample distance control based on frequency modulation of the cantilever oscillation. It allows us to keep a well-defined tip–sample distance of the order of 10 nm within better than ##IMG## [http://ej.iop.org/images/1367-2630/20/1/013018/njpaa9ca9ieqn1.gif] {$\pm 0.4\,\$} nm precision throughout the measurement even in the presence of energy dissipative processes, and is adequate for single-passage non-contact operation in vacuum. The cantilever is excited mechanically in a phase-locked loop to oscillate at constant amplitude on its first flexural resonance mode. This frequency is modulated by an electrostatic force gradient generated by tip–sample bias oscillating from a few hundred Hz up to a few kHz. The sum of the side bands’ amplitudes is a proxy for the tip–sample distance and can be used for tip–sample distanc...
Electronic ISSN: 1367-2630
Topics: Physics
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• 8
Unknown
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Publication Date: 2018-01-20
Description: SMAD4 constrains progression of Pten -null prostate cancer and serves as a common downstream node of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathways. Here, we dissected the roles of TGFβ receptor II (TGFBR2) and BMP receptor II (BMPR2) using a Pten -null prostate cancer model. These studies demonstrated that the molecular actions of TGFBR2 result in both SMAD4-dependent constraint of proliferation and SMAD4-independent activation of apoptosis. In contrast, BMPR2 deletion extended survival relative to Pten deletion alone, establishing its promoting role in BMP6-driven prostate cancer progression. These analyses reveal the complexity of TGFβ–BMP signaling and illuminate potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer.
Print ISSN: 0890-9369
Topics: Biology
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• 9
Publication Date: 2018-01-26
Description: Reemergence of high- T c superconductivity in the (Li 1-x Fe x )OHFe 1-y Se under high pressure Reemergence of high-〈i〉T〈/i〉〈sub〉c〈/sub〉 superconductivity in the (Li〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Fe〈sub〉 x 〈/sub〉)OHFe〈sub〉1-y〈/sub〉Se under high pressure, Published online: 25 January 2018; doi:10.1038/s41467-018-02843-7 The understanding of the reemergence of pressure induced superconductivity in alkali-metal intercalated FeSe is hampered by sample complexities. Here, Sun et al. report the electronic properties of (Li1–xFe x )OHFe1–ySe single crystal not only in the reemerged superconducting state but also in the normal state.
Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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• 10
Publication Date: 2018-04-13
Description: Background Acute bronchitis (AB) is one of the principal causes of childhood morbidity. Increasing number of studies has shown that air pollution is an important environmental contributor of respiratory disease. However, evidence so far is scarce regarding the effects of air pollution on childhood AB, and it also remains unclear how the risk of AB will change by season and age. Methods Data on hospital visits for AB in children, air pollution and meteorological factors from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016 were collected in Hefei, China. Time-series analysis was applied to assess the short-term effects of traffic-related air pollution on childhood AB outpatient visits. A Poisson generalised linear regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the relationships, controlling for long-term trends, seasonal patterns, meteorological factors and other possible confounders. Results We found that an IQR increase in concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter 〈2.5 µm and carbon monoxide significantly increased the daily hospital visits for childhood AB with 4-day cumulative effect estimates (relative risks: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05; 1.09, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.11; 1.07, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.09). Notably, the risk estimates during the cold season are pronounced; however, no significant association was observed during the warm season. Interestingly, children aged 6–14 years were more vulnerable to air pollutants than children aged less than 1 year and within 1–5 years. However, no gender difference was observed. Conclusion A significant association of traffic-related air pollution and increased department visits for childhood AB was observed, notably in school-age children and during the cold season.
Keywords: Public health
Print ISSN: 0143-005X
Electronic ISSN: 1470-2738
Topics: Medicine